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Universal Pictures (also known as Universal Studios or simply Universal) is an American film studio and film distributor owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. It was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour as Universal Film Manufacturing Company. Universal is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.